PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY PEACE FORMULA 澤連斯基總統的和平方案/和平公式
烏克蘭的和平公式哲學 Ukraine’s Peace Formula Philosophy
1. Radiation and nuclear safety 輻射與核安全
核能、裝置、裝置和設施的任何使用都應是安全、規範、適當控制和無害環境的。核設施事故有可能產生跨界影響。對烏克蘭的戰爭使世界的輻射和核安全面臨巨大威脅。轟炸和炮擊烏克蘭核基礎設施可能會產生嚴重的人道主義後果。
烏克蘭核電站和設施必須在烏克蘭的完全主權控制下安全執行。俄羅斯軍隊應撤出扎波羅熱核電站的領土，其領土應完全非軍事化。
必須制止任何形式的核訛詐。俄羅斯應避免一切形式的核威脅，明確承諾不使用核武器，不危害核物體的安全。
國際原子能機構應在維護核安全和保障以及在民用核設施中實施保障監督方面發揮主導作用。
Any use of nuclear energy, installations, devices and facilities shall be safe, wellregulated, duly controlled and environmentally sound. Accidents at nuclear installations have the potential of transboundary impacts. War against Ukraine put the radiation and nuclear safety in the world under big threat. Bombing and shelling of the Ukrainian nuclear infrastructure may have grave humanitarian consequences.
Ukrainian nuclear power plants and installations must operate safely under full sovereign control of Ukraine. Russian troops shall be withdrawn from the territory of the Zaporizhzhia NPP, and its territory shall be completely demilitarized.
Any forms of nuclear blackmail must be stopped. Russia shall refrain from all forms of nuclear threats, clearly commit not to use nuclear weapons and not to jeopardize safety of nuclear objects.
IAEA shall play a leading role in maintaining nuclear safety and security and to implement safeguards in civilian nuclear facilities.
2. Food security 糧食安全
對烏克蘭的戰爭對全球糧食不安全加劇產生了負面影響。烏克蘭是世界上最重要的糧食和農產品出口地區之一。由於戰爭，世界上幾個地區有數百萬人面臨饑荒或面臨饑荒的直接風險，或面臨嚴重的糧食不安全。
糧食安全問題應去武器化。任何對糧食生產和供應產生負面影響的行動都會造成全球風險。
有必要確保黑海和亞速海的自由、充分和安全航行，恢復烏克蘭對烏克蘭港口的主權控制，建立新的港口，並擴大烏克蘭海上運輸貨物的種類。
黑海糧食倡議以及烏克蘭的人道主義倡議“來自烏克蘭的糧食”將進一步成功、持續和安全地實施，並在沒有時間限制的情況下推廣到烏克蘭其他港口。應進一步實施“歐盟團結通道”倡議，出口烏克蘭農產品，進口烏克蘭需要的商品。
War against Ukraine has negative impact on increased food insecurity globally. Ukraine is one of the world’s most important areas for grain and agricultural exports. Millions of people are facing famine or the immediate risk of famine or are experiencing severe food insecurity in several regions of the world due to the war.
Matter of food security shall be de-weaponized. Any actions that negatively affect production and supply of food create global risks.
It is necessary to ensure free, full and safe navigation in the Black and Azov Seas, restore sovereign control of Ukraine over Ukrainian ports, establish new ports and expand assortment of Ukrainian goods transported by sea.
Black Sea Grain Initiative, as well as Ukraine’s humanitarian initiative “Grain from Ukraine” shall be further successfully, continuously and safely implemented, and extended to other Ukrainian ports without time limitations. “EU Solidarity Lanes” initiative shall be further implemented to export Ukrainian agricultural goods and import the goods Ukraine needs.
3. Energy security 能源安全
能源目標是任何國家的重要基礎設施。烏克蘭不斷遭受能源恐怖，蓄意破壞能源基礎設施，包括髮電廠、高壓裝置、發電機、變電站等。對能源設施的襲擊，尤其是在冬季，以及將寒冷作為武器，已成為地區和國際威脅，對世界基本能源和電力價格狀況產生負面影響。
關鍵民用基礎設施的破壞是不可接受的。不得針對烏克蘭民用和能源基礎設施發動襲擊。烏克蘭能源基礎設施應得到適當保障，以保護平民和關鍵基礎設施。應盡一切努力使俄羅斯無法攻擊烏克蘭的關鍵基礎設施，包括使用巡航導彈、彈道導彈和無人機。
應建立並確保對烏克蘭能源設施安全的持續保護和國際監測。烏克蘭的能源基礎設施應透過提供適當援助（高壓裝置、發電機、變電站、浮動發電廠）來恢復。應繼續對烏克蘭能源系統進行進一步重建。
Energy objects are critical infrastructure in any country. Constant energy terror is committed against Ukraine by intentionally destroying energy infrastructure, including power plants, high-voltage equipment, generators, transformer substations etc. Attacks on energy facilities especially in the winter period, and the use of cold as a weapon have turned into a regional and international threat, negatively affecting the world price situation for basic energy resources and electricity.
Destruction of critical civilian infrastructure in unacceptable. There shall be no attacks targeting Ukrainian civilian and energy infrastructure. Ukrainian energy infrastructure shall be duly secured to protect the civilian population and critical infrastructure facilities. All efforts shall be applied to make it impossible for Russia to attack critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine, including using cruise or ballistic missiles and UAVs.
Constant protection and international monitoring of safety of Ukraine’s energy facilities shall be established and ensured. Ukraines energy infrastructure shall be restored by provision of appropriate assistance (high-voltage equipment, generators, transformer substations, floating power plants). Further reconstruction of the energy system of Ukraine shall be maintained.
4. Release of prisoners and deported persons 釋放囚犯和被驅逐者
儘量減少囚犯和被驅逐者的痛苦是國際法無條件的優先事項，應成為國際機構和國家當局關注的重點。數千名烏克蘭俘虜，包括公民，被俄羅斯強行拘留在烏克蘭和俄羅斯的臨時佔領領土上。
所有被關押在俄羅斯和包括克里米亞在內的烏克蘭臨時佔領領土上的烏克蘭俘虜，包括平民，必須透過完全交換戰俘、釋放所有被非法拘留的人以及遣返所有被拘留者和被強制轉移和驅逐的平民，包括兒童，來釋放。
同時，應根據1949年8月12日《關於戰俘待遇的日內瓦公約》和1949年《日內瓦公約第一附加議定書》3的規定，確保被俄羅斯關押的烏克蘭戰俘和平民的權利。
Minimizing the suffering of prisoners and deportees is an unconditional priority of international law and should be the focus of attention of international institutions and national authorities. Thousands of Ukrainian captives, including civilliansare forcibly detained by Russia in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine and in Russia.
All of Ukrainian captives, including civilians, who are held in Russia and in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, including Crimea must be released by complete exchange of prisoners of war, the release of all unlawfully detained persons and the return of all internees and of civilians forcibly transferred and deported, including children.
Meanwhile the rights of Ukrainian prisoners of war and civilians held by Russia shall be ensured in accordance with the provisions of the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of 12 August 1949 and Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, 3.
5. Restoration of Ukraine’s territorial integrity 恢復烏克蘭的領土完整
國際法最基本的原則之一是以和平方式解決國際爭端，使國際和平與安全以及正義不受威脅。所有國家在其國際關係中均應避免對任何國家的領土完整或政治獨立進行武力威脅或使用武力。
因武力威脅或使用武力而取得的領土不應被視為合法。
必須根據《聯合國憲章》和國際法原則，尊重烏克蘭在其國際公認邊界內、延伸至其領海的主權、獨立、統一和領土完整。聯合國大會一再重申對烏克蘭主權、獨立、統一和領土完整的承諾。
自1991年烏克蘭宣佈獨立以來，必須恢復烏克蘭在國際公認邊界內的全部領土的領土完整和主權，其中包括俄羅斯聯邦暫時佔領的烏克蘭領土的所有部分，無一例外。
正如聯合國大會2014年3月27日透過的關於俄羅斯聯邦吞併克里米亞的第68/262號決議《烏克蘭領土完整》所強調的那樣，呼籲所有國家停止並避免採取旨在部分或完全破壞烏克蘭國家統一和領土完整的行動，包括透過威脅或使用武力或其他非法手段修改烏克蘭邊界的任何企圖。
聯合國大會譴責吞併烏克蘭領土，特別是頓涅茨克、扎波羅熱、盧甘斯克和赫爾松地區，透過組織非法的所謂“公民投票”為這種吞併辯護。各國、國際組織和聯合國機構不應承認俄羅斯聯邦對烏克蘭各地區地位的任何改變。隨後對這些地區的非法吞併企圖根據國際法是無效的，也不構成改變烏克蘭這些地區地位的基礎。這在2022年10月12日聯合國大會ES-11/4“烏克蘭領土完整：捍衛《聯合國憲章》原則”的決議中有說明。
只有恢復烏克蘭在其國際公認邊界內的領土完整，才能恢復世界秩序並確保對《聯合國憲章》的尊重。國際社會必須確保俄羅斯尊重和執行《聯合國憲章》，特別是第二條。這是恢復對《聯合國憲章》的尊重並實現其目標和原則的關鍵。
One of the most fundamental principles of the international law is settling international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered. All countries shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.
No territorial acquisition resulting from the threat or use of force shall be recognized as legal6 .
The sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders, extending to its territorial waters, must be respected, in line with the UN Charter and principles of the international law. Commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine has been repeatedly reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.
The territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine must be restored with respect to its entire territory within the internationally recognized borders, as of the declaration of independence of Ukraine in 1991, which includes all parts of the territory of Ukraine temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation with no exceptions.
As emphasized in the UN General Assembly in the resolution «Territorial integrity of Ukraine» of 27.03.2014 No. 68/262, adopted with regard to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, all States were called to desist and refrain from actions aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine, including any attempts to modify Ukraine’s borders through the threat or use of force or other unlawful means.
The UN General Assembly condemned the annexation of the territories of Ukraine, in particular its Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Luhansk and Kherson regions, by organizing illegal so-called «referendums» to justify such annexation. States, international organizations, UN structures should not recognize any alteration of the status of the regions of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. The subsequent attempted illegal annexation of these regions, have no validity under international law and do not form the basis for any alteration of the status of these regions of Ukraine. This is stated in the resolution of the UN General Assembly of 12.10.2022 ES-11/4 «Territorial integrity of Ukraine: defending the principles of the Charter of the United Nations».
Restoring the world order and ensuring respect for the UN Charter is only possible by restoring the territorial integrity of the state of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders. The international community must ensure that Russia respects and implements the UN Charter, particularly Article 2. This is the key to restoring respect for the UN Charter and fulfilling its goals and principles.
6. Withdrawal of Russian troops and cessation of hostilities
Any war of aggression, occupation and attempts of annexation constitute the gravest threats to peace, global security, and the international law. The UN Member States have the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against it. They also shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the UN Charter, such as taking effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace.
International support for restoration of the territorial integrity and peace in Ukraine goes in line with the UN Charter and has the global impact as an example of uniting efforts to defend the world order, based on principle of peaceful coexistence.
The sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of UN Member States can be effectively upheld only when no foreign troops are illegally deployed on their territory, and the respective Member States have full control over their internationally recognized borders. There is no possibility to restore Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity until Russia’s troops remain on its territory
The Russian Federation shall immediately, completely, and unconditionally withdraw all of its military forces from the territory of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders and cease the hostilities.
7. Restoration of justice 恢復正義
應透過在國家或國際一級進行適當、公正和獨立的調查和起訴，確保追究在烏克蘭境內犯下的國際法規定的最嚴重罪行的責任。應確保為所有受害者伸張正義，並防止今後的犯罪。
必須追究俄羅斯聯邦對烏克蘭境內或針對烏克蘭的任何違反國際法行為的責任，包括其違反《聯合國憲章》的侵略行為，以及任何違反國際人道主義法和國際人權法的行為，俄羅斯聯邦必須承擔其所有國際不法行為的法律後果，包括對此類行為造成的傷害，包括任何損害作出賠償。
必須繼續並加強包括國際刑事法院在內的國家和國際收集證據的努力。應透過一項多邊國際文書建立對所造成損害的賠償機制。
Accountability shall be ensured for the most serious crimes under international law committed on the territory of Ukraine through appropriate, fair and independent investigations and prosecutions at the national or international level. Justice shall be ensured for all victims and the prevention of future crimes.
Russian Federation must be held to account for any violations of international law in or against Ukraine, including its aggression in violation of the Charter of the United Nations, as well as any violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and that it must bear the legal consequences of all of its internationally wrongful acts, including making reparation for the injury, including any damage, caused by such acts9 .
National and international efforts to collect evidence, including by the International Criminal Court, must be pursued and strengthened. Compensation mechanism for the damages caused should be set up through a multilateral international instrument.
8. Ecological safety 生態安全
對烏克蘭的戰爭造成了大規模的環境破壞，造成了烏克蘭領土上以及整個地區和世界範圍內前所未有的汙染、生態系統的破壞和生物物種的物理破壞。國際法禁止破壞環境。
國際社會應在以下關鍵方向上支援烏克蘭，以確保環境安全和應對戰爭的環境後果：
（1） 短期、中期和長期環境損害評估，包括對人類健康和生物多樣性保護的影響。
（2） 以環境破壞罪起訴。為了實現這一目標，有必要妥善記錄和用檔案證明每一起損害案件，提供適當的法律評估，並進行公正的調查。
（3） 恢復和重建，包括綠色經濟轉型。一個全面的環境和經濟恢復體系應包括烏克蘭的環境更新措施，包括土地修復和排雷、恢復被毀的森林和自然保護區、建立新的國家公園和自然保護區時、河流、湖泊和海水淨化等。
War against Ukraine caused large-scale environmental damage resulted in unprecedented pollution, disruption of ecosystems and physical destruction of biological species both on the territory of Ukraine and on the scale of the entire region and the world. Destruction of the environment is prohibited in the international law.
International community shall support Ukraine in the following key directions to ensure environmental security and to counter the environmental consequences of the war:
(1) Short-, medium- and long-term environment damage assessment, including the impact on human health and biodiversity conservation.
(2) Prosecution for environmental damage. Aiming to reach this goal it is necessary to record and document properly each case of damage, to provide appropriate legal assessment and to conduct an impartial investigation.
(3) Recovery and reconstruction, including the green economy transition. A comprehensive system of environmental and economic recovery should include measures on Ukraines environment renewal, including land remediation and demining, revival of destroyed forests and nature reserves, creation of new national parks and nature protection zones, rivers, lakes and sea waters purification, etc.
9. Preventing escalation and repetition of aggression 防止侵略升級和重複
獨立、主權、民主和強大的烏克蘭及其安全對世界穩定至關重要。對烏克蘭的戰爭對該地區和世界都產生了深遠的影響。核、食品、環境安全以及至關重要的全世界穩定經濟關係都取決於烏克蘭的安全。
對烏克蘭的侵略升級的風險將一直存在，直到其安全得到具有法律約束力的國際法的保障，得到可靠的自身防禦能力的加強，並融入新的國際安全架構。因此，為了防止戰爭升級或侵略重演，應向烏克蘭提供明確、積極、強制性的義務以及安全承諾和安排。
關於烏克蘭安全的承諾應包括防止對烏克蘭的新侵略的措施、在發生新侵略時的措施、對侵略國實施制裁機制、區域安全組成部分（例如，關於黑海和亞速海航運安全）。擔保國提供的這些承諾應確保其自衛權，這是《聯合國憲章》和國際法的關鍵原則之一所規定的，並符合這些原則。
Independent, sovereign, democratic and strong Ukraine and its security are vital for the stability of world. The war against Ukraine has far-reaching consequences both for the region and the world. The nuclear, food, environmental safety as well as crucial whole world stable economic relations are dependent on Ukraines security.
The risk of an escalation of aggression against Ukraine will remain until its security is guaranteed by a legally binding international law, strengthened by reliable own defense capabilities and integrated into the new architecture of international security. Therefore, in order to prevent the escalation of the war or the repetition of aggression, clear, positive, mandatory obligations and security commitments and arrangements should be provided to Ukraine.
Commitments regarding the security of Ukraine should include measures to prevent new aggression against Ukraine, measures in case of a new aggression, implementation of sanction mechanisms against the aggressor state, regional security components (for example, regarding the safety of shipping in the Black and Azov Seas). These commitments provided by the guarantor countries should ensure its right to self-defense, as stipulated by one of the key principles of the UN Charter and international law and in line with them.
10.Confirmation of the end of the war 戰爭結束的確認
只有在國際公認的邊界內恢復烏克蘭的領土完整和主權，並在國際法律上正式結束戰爭，才能實現真正全面、公正和持久的和平。
這一步驟設想建立一個明確的框架，以結束戰爭，提供安全承諾和安排，為戰後解決創造條件，商定為烏克蘭重建提供資金的方式，並建立機制，防止烏克蘭和任何其他國家在未來再次遭受侵略，無論國家大小。
戰爭結束的確認將是一個明確的訊號，即任何潛在的侵略者，無論其大陸、面積、人口或軍事實力如何，都無法將其意志強加給另一個國家。有必要建立新的機制，有效確保遵守以多邊主義和公平代表性為基礎的國際法原則和規範。
戰爭的結束將在一次和平會議上得到確認，該會議將有儘可能廣泛的國家參加，參與執行和平方案，並以此為實現烏克蘭的全面、公正和持久和平做出貢獻。
各方將在保證國的參與下籤署一項具有法律約束力的全面國際協定。
Achieving a truly comprehensive, just and lasting peace is possible only if the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine is restored within its internationally recognized borders and the international legal formalization of the end of the war.
This step envisages the establishment of a clear framework for ending the war, providing security commitments and arrangements, setting conditions for post-war settlement, agreeing on modalities for financing the reconstruction of Ukraine as well as developing mechanisms for preventing the repetition of aggression against Ukraine and any other state in the future, small or big.
The confirmation of the end of the war would be a clear signal that no potential aggressor, regardless of the continent, size, population or military strength will be able to impose its will on another state by force. It is necessary to create new mechanisms that would effectively ensure compliance with the principles and norms of international law based on multilateralism and equitable representation.
The end of the war would be confirmed at a peace conference to be held with participation of the widest possible range of states, taking part in the implementation of the Peace Formula and making with this contribution to the achievement of the comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine.
A comprehensive legally binding international agreement is to be signed by the parties with the participation of guarantor states.
https://www.president.gov.ua/storage/j-files-storage/01/19/53/32af8d644e6cae41791548fc82ae2d8e_1691483767.pdf